Furthermore, 2 control tasks measuring probabilistic reasoning (the Beads Game; Huq et al. 1988; Garety et al. 2005) and the processing of probabilities outside of a gambling context (the Probability Adjustment Task; Falk and Wilkening 1998) were administered.
In the current study, we found that while patients with pPAR damage failed to use the information about the chances of winning adequately in their bet selection, the processing of probabilities outside of a gambling context (as assessed on the 2 control tasks) was largely unimpaired.
The main advantages of these techniques are nonnegligible support delimitation, time-saving computation of convolution, and effective processing of multimodal probability density functions, respectively.
Electrophysiological and neuroimaging data implicate the pPAR in the processing of reward probability during choice, but the causal contribution of this area has not been established.
Taken together, this research suggests a crucial role of the pPAR in decision-making, linked to the processing of outcome probabilities, but this conclusion is yet to be substantiated with causal methodologies.
Remarkably, even in the latter trials, where behavioral evidence did not indicate any processing of stimuli, posterior probabilities for decoding spatial information were higher than chance even in the latest time window (0.143 ± 0.005), t(11) = 3.37, p < 0.01.
34 Briefly, we used a three step process: preprocessing, including registration, removal of non-brain tissue, and correction for bias field; detection of white matter hyperintensities on T2 weighted images, including removal of false positives; and post-processing, including the generation of probability maps for white matter hyperintensities and details.
Judgment combines processing of information and estimation of probabilities.
After all, in the case of retinal processing, the probability to have certain intensity value is uniform across space.
The intermittent and unpredictable wind and solar power leads to the frequent transient processing of pumped-storage stations, increasing the probability of load shedding.
