Our results highlight a fine balance between processing of phagocytosed debris and formation of actin-rich protrusions necessary for driving migration within macrophages.
In particular, murine models have revealed a large number of SLE susceptibility genes, which are organized in the same three broad pathways: apoptosis and processing of apoptotic debris, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and type I IFN pathways, and lymphocyte activation in both SLE patients and SLE-prone mice [ 2, 3].
However, draper encodes a homolog of the C. elegans apoptotic cell clearance receptor CED-1 [ 9] and has been shown to play a role in the detection and/or the processing of apoptotic debris in both Drosophila macrophages and glia [ 10, 11], the two predominant phagocytes within developing Drosophila embryos [ 12 14].
A comparison of the lateral force wave patterns of MoS2 and mica suggests that the greater amount of processing debris and roughness of the processed track observed in MoS2 are responsible for the greater lateral force change observed for MoS2.
This suggests that determinants, in addition to clearance, participate in the immunological processing of apoptotic cell debris.
Consistent with a role in the efficient processing of engulfed apoptotic debris [ 11], we found that draper mutant and draper RNAi-expressing macrophages appeared vacuolated, containing increased numbers of apoptotic corpses per cell compared to controls.
In addition to responses by cells of the innate immune system, we have recently defined a link between processing of apoptotic cells and their debris to T cell activation [ 1].
Although reducing the psychological cost of disaster victims, the temporary storage of disaster-hit sites increases the psychological costs of individuals who are processing the debris.
As a safe, portable, and cost-effective technology, air-based APP treatment is thought to improve surface energy of implant surfaces by the removal of debris or molecules that may have become adsorbed during processing.
Primary coffee processing or coffee curing is done in coffee-growing countries; it involves mechanical cleaning of debris from parchment coffee, hulling, grading green coffee beans (GCB), and packing.
