We also searched on terms such as auditory hallucinations, hallucinations, language processing, and others.
Therefore, the result of the Deep Dream process can be intuitively understood as the imposition of a strong perceptual prior on incoming sensory data, establishing a functional (though not computational) parallel with the predictive processing account of perceptual hallucinations given above.
In (non-psychotic) patients with visual hallucinations due to damage in the visual system or blindness, the form of the hallucination matched the functional processing of the cortical module(s) activated during the hallucination.
Visual changes include altered form and depth perception, prolonged afterimages, motion-processing impairments, vivid pseudo-hallucinations, and, only very rarely, actual hallucinations in which insight into the non-veridical nature of the experience is impaired [8] [17].
"What I would hope for our field, is that clinically we get into the habit of deconstructing these syndromes into the specific pathologies that the patients have," such as hallucinations and impaired emotional processing.
Later studies involved a more complex ANN (a back-propagation network with a recurrent layer) focusing on developmentally disturbed speech processing as a source of auditory hallucinations [20], [30].
Functional neuroimaging studies provide further evidence that dysfunction in posterior visual processing networks underlies generation of visual hallucinations in PDD.
Disturbed brain connectivity has been suggested as a probable mechanism that could lead to false prediction errors (25) and has also been associated with both hallucinations (26) and reduced processing speed (27).
Moreover, the high frequency of visual hallucinations and hemianopia in patients with autoscopic hallucination suggests that defective visual processing of bodily information is the main causing factor for disintegration in personal space in autoscopic hallucination.
Pinheiro AP, Rezaii N, Rauber A, Nestor PG, Spencer KM, Niznikiewicz M. Emotional self-other voice processing in schizophrenia and its relationship with hallucinations: ERP evidence.
These results seem to confirm that discrete areas of atrophy in the posterior visual processing networks specifically underlie the generation of hallucinations in PDD, and thereby provide an in vivo correlate to neuropathological data.
