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The reliable interaction of task by lexicality suggested that skilled readers had trouble completely inhibiting lexical (whole-word) processing for words, despite task instructions.
But again there was no evidence of a similar division in hemispheric processing for words displayed in foveal locations.
Performance in both experiments indicated a functional division in hemispheric processing for words in extrafoveal locations (in recognition accuracy in Experiment 1 and in reaction times and error rates in Experiment 2) but no such division for words in foveal locations.
Moreover, studies that have used appropriate fixation and stimulus control show no evidence of a functional division in hemispheric projections for words displayed in foveal vision even though providing clear evidence of a functional division in hemispheric processing for words displayed to the right and left of fixation in extrafoveal locations.
This is perhaps most easily recognized in the case of conceptual processing for words, where the word itself is merely an arbitrary symbol, and so understanding its meaning necessarily requires attributions and inferences about the word's referent.
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In sum, the findings reported in this article provide new evidence that a functional division in hemispheric processing for word recognition exists outside the fovea but not at the point of fixation.
Consistent with our hypothesis, psychopathic individuals, relative to controls, showed poorer behavioral performance for processing abstract words.
The findings from Experiment 2 showed that words in extrafoveal locations were recognised more quickly and more accurately when displayed to the right of fixation, and so provide further evidence of an LH advantage for processing Arabic words.
Moreover, the findings were obtained across two very different paradigms (the Reicher-Wheeler task and the lexical decision task), indicating that a functional division in hemispheric processing for Arabic words in extrafoveal but not foveal locations is not task specific.
Dual-route models posit 2 distinct pathways, a sublexical pathway optimized for processing words that follow grapheme phoneme correspondence rules and a lexical pathway optimized for processing words whose grapheme phoneme correspondences represent exceptions to the rules.
Moreover, a particular advantage of bilateral processing for foveal word recognition is that it enables the letters of words to be processed equally effectively regardless of where these letters fall within the fovea.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com