They performed a few of the functions we still value today (word processing, calculating, games) but had no GUI and little connectivity.
For this application, the data for each ward was assigned to individual Mappers for processing; calculating the indicator value for that ward for that particular year based on the questionnaire responses.
The A 3j (i = 3 is for food processing) term used for the energy consumed in food processing was calculated using mass ratios with the mass of processed fruits and vegetables used in place of the total mass of these two food categories.
In a second step, contrasts between vowel quality and stress processing were calculated to evaluate the regions found to be specifically active in word stress processing by Aleman et al. [ 43].
In order to assess visual information-processing speed and attention, visual search, and attention switching, excluding effects of visual motor processing, we calculated differences in reaction time as total reaction times on task A, B, C, or E subtracted by that on task D in the mATMT [ 15].
The error between measured and predicted values from 3D digital microscope and image processing was calculated, respectively.
In each SAG region used for individual component processing, the calculated data were compared to experimental ones acquired by synchrotron-based microbeam x-ray diffraction and by micro-photoluminescence wavelength mapping.
Due to our early works in [3], the signal model as well as the residual phase after deramp processing are calculated for a refined phase gradient autofocus.
PES (a measure of error processing) was calculated as: [the mean RT from the correct trials immediately following an error] minus [mean RT from correct trials], for each participant.
Selection of particles for the final 3D reconstruction was performed using reference-free 2D class averaging and 3D classification in RELION (Scheres, 2012), and the final maps before and after movie processing were calculated using RELION's 3D auto-refine, followed by automated B-factor sharpening (Rosenthal and Henderson, 2003) and correction for the MTF of the detector.
