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Diffusion in the gas phase or in relative large pores (>100 nm (ref. 62)) is dominated by inter-molecular collisions and the flux of component i can be described by the Maxwell Stefan (MS) approach, in which forces acting on molecules (in diffusional processes the gradient in thermodynamic potential) are balanced by the friction between molecules and, in case of porous materials, with a solid.
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To be specific, both the shrinkage process and the gradient descend process are used to update H and F by solving two minimization problems in the alternating projection procedure, and the above procedure will be repeated for a number of iterations.
At the end of the quad-tree decomposition process, the gradients of each decomposed block are computed to determine the contour threshold.
As the control variables (well rates) are continuous, we are able to use adjoint gradient for the optimization process and the gradient projection method to ensure that the constraints are satisfied.
The test data showed that the temperature variation can significantly increase the chloride penetration process when the gradient of temperature and the gradient of chloride are in the same direction.
In this process, since the gradient is usually non-integrable, the output cannot be obtained by the direct integration of gradients.
The value of the inverse tangent in the process obtaining the gradient orientation makes the desirable effect that a pixel in a high-horizontal-energy area is set greater value than that in a high-vertical-energy area.
To improve the ability to preserve the details of edges and texture, the spatial-varying parameters are adaptively estimated in the iterative process of the gradient descent flow algorithm.
To improve the ability of preserving the details of edges and texture, the spatial-varying parameters are adaptively estimated in the iterative process of the gradient descent flow algorithm.
However, active uptake is an 'uphill', energy-consuming process against the gradient of potential energy.
These molecular processes can explain the gradient of Galileo copies found in the D. willistoni genome, ranging from an almost-complete copy to defective copies restricted to the TIRs, with various degrees of degeneration.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com