There is, in fact, a growing body of research that associates fixation durations with cognitive processes such as attention, information processing, memory, and anticipation (e.g., Castelhano & Henderson, 2008; Kowler, 2011; Malcolm & Henderson, 2010; Rayner, Smith, Malcolm, & Henderson, 2009; Richardson, Dale, & Spivey, 2007).
This approach emphasizes processes as well as outcomes, and draws attention to cultural, social and material dynamics of well-being.
Paying careful attention to implementation processes, as well as active monitoring and evaluation of implementation practice can make the difference between simply creating entitlements to needed health services and financial protection and intended beneficiaries being able to realise these entitlements.
Future studies will further assess whether these potential neural biomarkers are better characterized in response to simple auditory stimuli or to more complex stimuli involving higher order cognitive processes, such as attention and language processing.
One possible explanation for the difference in observed effects for the cognitive measures used in this study is the role of executive function, an umbrella term for cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other processes, such as attention, working memory, inhibition, and task-switching (Chan et al. 2008).
Although other fields of psychology examine many of the same functions and processes, such as attention, thinking, or motivation, the personologist places emphasis on how these different processes fit together and become integrated so as to give each person a distinctive identity, or personality.
While perceptual learning has long been thought to rely on 'top-down' processes, such as attention and decision-making, a wave of recent findings suggests that these higher-level processes are, in fact, not necessary.
While the precise role of gamma-band activity is unclear, it has been implicated in a wide range of processes such as attention [ 5- 7], working memory [ 8, 9], early processing of sensory information [ 10, 11], language [ 12- 15], and perceptual binding [ 16, 17].
Emotions influence cognitive processes such as attention, memory formation, and decision making, and they play a prominent role in social behaviour.
On the other hand, anaesthesia minimizes the influences of other brain processes such as attention and emotion that also very likely influence voiding function.
