These techniques are based on treating a biological process as a system of equations, represented by their rate constants and other parameters (like volume, cell density etc).
The process is regarded as a system of interacting physical and electrochemical mechanisms.
For this type of systems the transport processes can be modelled as a system of cyclic concurrent processes sharing common resources with mutual exclusion.
… Seen from the perspective of culture on the other hand, context can be alternatively interpreted as a system of social processes.
Other perspective directions include modeling of coevolution as a system of stochastic processes, low-polynomial methods of simultaneous phylogeny and alignment construction, and applying mathematically proved methods to simulate test datasets for benchmarking phylogenetic algorithms.
The temporal evolution of the system can be described by a Markov process [ 16], which is usually represented as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), called the chemical master equation (CME).
In this regard, gameplay in MMORPGs in WoW may thus be characterized as processes of becoming against a system of relations, arising from a narrativized problem context.
This chapter presents elements from chemical reaction engineering necessary to consider in the conceptual design of a process as a system.
In this paper, we prove that the mean square error (MSE) optimal kernel function for any parameterized family of random processes can be computed as the solution to a system of linear equations.
It was generally agreed that progress will require treating life in terms of process and as a system.
