A kinetic study of the RAFT polymerization of VMA with the dithioester-type CTA 1 suggested that the propagation reaction of the methacryloyl group proceeded predominantly with a certain level of intramolecular cyclization during the early stage of the polymerization and intermolecular cross-linking during the final stage of the polymerization.
The global mixing rate of the flames was observed to affect the shape of probability density functions (PDFs) of soot sheets L and W. The shapes of the PDFs of the flames reveal that burnout of the soot sheets in the PJ and SJ flame proceeded predominantly through the reduction of the soot sheet dimensions, and the number of soot sheets, respectively.
Also, in vertebrates, atypical amino acid replacements evidenced that accelerated evolution proceeded predominantly during paralog duplication or after it.
The analysis of infrequently fixed atypical amino acid replacements in cyclins evidenced that accelerated evolution proceeded predominantly during paralog duplication or after it in animals and fungi and that it was related to aromorphic changes in animals.
Sex specificity has also been demonstrated in cell culture models; after cytotoxic exposure, apoptosis in cortical neurons proceeded predominantly via an AIF-dependent pathway in male (XY) neurons versus a Cyt C (cytochrome c -dependent pathway in female (XX) neurons (Susin et al., 1999; Yu et al., 2003; Du et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2006).
Our findings in cell culture model are in agreement with previous reports that, after cytotoxic challenge, apoptosis proceeded predominantly via an AIF-dependent pathway in XY neurons versus a Cyt C-dependent pathway in XX neurons (Du et al., 2004; Hagberg et al., 2004), suggesting that cell death pathways differ innately according to sex (Penaloza et al., 2009).
It has been demonstrated that cross-linking proceeds predominantly by the radical mechanism and does not require co-initiators.
In the second mode, cavitation proceeds predominantly on grain boundary facets transverse to the principal macroscopic stress.
TPD of N2O and NO proceeds predominantly without decomposition, while NO2 partially decomposes to NO and O2.
Thus it is concluded that the photolysis proceeds predominantly via a Norrish type I process rather than by a modified Norrish type II process as previously suggested.
