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However, the application of these vaccines (against S. aureus and bacterial pathogens in general) is limited by the difficulty of developing reliable procedures of bacterial attenuation [41].
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The procedure of bacterial isolation, nested PCR and LAMP were carried out according to description of Wang et al [ 6].
To exclude a possible influence of the labeling procedure on bacterial cell characteristics we investigated growth behavior as well as cytotoxicity and invasion of iron-labeled bacteria.
The procedure facilitates capture of bacterial transcripts that are preferentially expressed within the phagosome.
In this procedure, 100 μl of bacterial cells were incubated separately for all groups with macrophages in a total volume of 1 ml DPBS-BSA and kept in the shaker for 20 min at 37°C.
The isolation and purification procedures of TTX from bacterial cultures were basically the same as those used for puffer fish tissues.
DNA sequencing is a rapid alternative to biochemical and other phenotypic procedures for the differentiation of bacterial pathogens because of its decreased costs and increased automation (15 ).
The duration between the last neurosurgical procedures and the development of bacterial meningitis ranged from 2 to 415 days (median 12 days) in the 48 elderly ABM patients.
In this randomized controlled trial we wish to assess the clinical efficacy of an innovative diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in newborns and critically ill children.
The procedure consists of extraction of bacterial DNA from the synovial fluid sample, a PCR amplification step in which primers target the 16S rDNA, the 23S rDNA, or the rpo genes that are ubiquitous to all bacteria, then sequencing of the amplicon, and comparison of results with those kept in a broad database curator (such as GenBank) to enable precise species identification.
Standard procedures were used for assessment of bacterial content.
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