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Serologic testing is an easy procedure for viral diagnosis.
However, in our hands, we found that this fluorescent dye was lost during our fixation/immunostaining procedure for viral antigens, despite trying various fixatives and permeabilization techniques.
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Procedures for viral nucleic acid extraction and cDNA synthesis have been reported (9 ).
Because the usual procedure for virus isolation, viral plaque picking, can lead to polyclonal virus preparations, a PCR protocol alone does not differentiate between samples containing recombinant viruses (gC+/gE+) and those containing a mixture of both single deleted parental strains (gC−/gE+ and gC+/gE−), and false positives resulting from recombination could occur.
The viral DNA was isolated using a previously described procedure to enrich for viral DNA that is packaged in nucleocapsids [ 18, 19]; this method generally produces sequencing libraries that contain 10% or less contaminating sequence reads from the host genome.
Therefore this study describes a more expansive molecular diagnostic procedure for avian influenza viral subtyping and sequencing that may help researchers to perform comprehensive approaches on influenza surveillance and virus subtype identification.
We evaluated automated versus manual RNA extraction methods, 1 widely distributed procedure for RNA extraction (viral RNA mini kit; QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), any real-time RT-PCR, any nested RT-PCR, or the preformulated RT-PCR distributed with this study.
Mock-infection simulated the procedure during the preparation for viral infection (without adding the virus seed), thus representing the treatment of infected cells more precisely than the use of cells harvested from growth medium.
Corneal scrapings were collected from these patients following the impression cytology procedure for the detection of viral antigen [ 6] and viral cultures [ 5].
Total viral RNA was subjected to random priming mediated sequence independent single primer amplification (RP-SISPA), a procedure that we have adapted for viral genome sequencing [14].
The new assay is shown to be a rapid, convenient, and reliable procedure for HIV-1 RNA viral load monitoring.
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