The approach is based on the use of an artificial neural network and we propose a combination of network architecture, training algorithm, and special procedures for scaling and initializing the weight coefficients.
This paper investigated the relationships between different procedures for scaling the "home resources for learning index" (HRL) and the prediction accuracy of this index in explaining the mathematics achievement of the fourth-grade students who participate in IEA's combined PIRLS/TIMSS survey of 2011.
This work presents a procedure for scale-bridging modeling of coal devolatilization, in the presence of experimental error, that puts emphasis on the thermodynamic aspect of devolatilization, namely the final volatile yield of coal, rather than kinetics.
The partial derivative of the objective loss with respect to any parameter θ k is: (4) Although pθ(s| x) in (3) and the expectations in (4) call for marginalizing p θ (s, c| x) as defined in (1) over the exponentially many value combinations of the latent variables c, a dynamic programming solution exists, similar to the forward backward procedure for HMMs, scaling linearly with sequence length.
The above procedure has been followed for scaling up studies from 25 cm2 to 70 cm2 PEMFCs for effective water management.
This chapter provides a step-by-step description of a procedure for developing scaled performance metrics.
However, once a construct and a protocol have been selected, then germinal gene transfer becomes a much more efficient method for scaling up procedures for screening purposes.
We used the methodology for developing and testing health-related quality of life instruments described by Juniper et al. [ 17] and Guyatt et al. [ 18] and procedures for scale development described by DeVellis [ 19] (see Figure 1).
This has led to a great deal of conflicting recommendations over whether to use parametric or nonparametric data analysis procedures for scales based on ordinal data from dichotomous and semantic-differential items, but particularly for Likert-type items (Knapp, 1990; Carifio and Perla, 2008).
In practice, the operationalization of the mapping procedure applies optimization techniques to the positioning of groups of keywords in 2-dimensional space., The VOSviewer software, used for the analysis presented in this paper, modifies the standard optimization procedure for multidimensional scaling to maximize the common variance defined by the relational positioning of keywords.
The data can be used to design pneumatic conveying systems for the particular materials, using logic diagrams for design procedures and scaling parameters for the conveying line configuration.
