The fabricated amperometric biosensor features high sensitivity, disposability, low cost, and simple procedure for glucose detection.
The derivative revealed extended stability in spiked plasma samples which suggests a potential to employ the described procedure for glucose analysis and detection in biological samples.
In addition, temperature, humidity, and hematocrit were all shown to interfere with the precision and reliability of the currently used tests (Heller and Feldman 2008); hence, the demand for a selective, and yet, sensitive analytical procedure for glucose detection and quantitation is clear.
Experimental procedure for glucose-6-phosphatase was conducted according to the method described in Estrada et al. [13], with some modifications.
Fasting blood samples were obtained from participants and analyzed using standard procedures for glucose (enzymatic procedure with Hitachi 902 Autoanalyzer) and insulin (radioimmunoassay with kit from Pharmacia Diagnostics).
Throughout the procedures, blood for glucose analysis was obtained from an arterial catheter located in the radial artery, whereas blood for other analyses was sampled from a central venous catheter through an infusion line separated from the glucose infusion.
The procedure for the intravenous glucose tolerance tests has been described elsewhere.
The selection procedure for the oral glucose tolerance test is described in supplementary Fig. A1 (available in an online appendix at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/dc10-0340/DC1).
To assess haematological and renal disorders, laboratory tests at selected visits included haemoglobin and blood cell counts (erythrocytes, total leucocyte count, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets) as well as urinalysis (dip-slide procedure for erythrocytes, protein and glucose), urinary sediment assessment and serum creatinine.
In summary, participants failed to see a causal relationship between diabetes and changing diet; received advice that was sporadic, generic (did not address the individual's life), and vague (abstractions not anchored in perception, e.g., portion size); and generated, as a result, a variety of common sense procedures for controlling blood glucose levels (e.g., drinking water, skipping meals).
For the duration of the clamp procedure, blood glucose was analyzed at the bedside using a glucose oxidase technique (YSI 2300; Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH).
