Liver volumetry is indicated in procedural planning for hepatectomy, PVE, ALPPS and liver transplant.
As a synthesis method, procedural planning of design equations is developed to improve accuracy.
Such information may help refine the design features of novel transcatheter mitral devices and enhance procedural planning.
Although imaging is extensively used for pre-operative and procedural planning, it should be emphasised that there are inadequate data to demonstrate improved clinical outcome due to use of pre-operative imaging.
Although imaging is extensively used for pre-operative and procedural planning, it should be emphasised that data demonstrating improved clinical outcome secondary to the use of imaging are still limited.
Although computer-based simulations, such as structural finite element analysis, have proven their usefulness to support procedural planning of coronary stenting, the link between the clinical practice and these engineering techniques is still limited to research test-cases.
More detailed assessment of the coronary venous vasculature can be obtained using a 3D SSFP sequence with or without intravenous contrast agents for the simultaneous evaluation of both coronary arteries and veins, especially as part of pre-interventional procedural planning [8].
Cardiovascular applications of this technology development include the use of patient-specific 3D models for medical teaching, exploration of valve and vessel function, surgical and catheter-based procedural planning, and early work in designing and refining the latest innovations in percutaneous structural devices.
It is possible that the cognitive aspects of procedural training like instrument coordination, procedural planning, and error recognition could be taught using procedural modules that are different from the procedure that the trainees are supposed to perform in clinical practice.
