Study 1 found that problem-posing prior to instruction resulted in significantly better transfer to novel problems than problem-solving, without any significant difference in procedural knowledge and conceptual understanding.
The dependent variable was test-score for 'Understand conceptual knowledge', 'Understand procedural knowledge' and 'Apply procedural knowledge' categories.
Student learning was assessed using multiple-choice pre-, post-, and delayed posttests that explored understandings of conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and the nature of science.
As stated in the Framework, (NRC, [2012]) '[u] understanding how science functions requires a synthesis of content knowledge, procedural knowledge, and epistemic knowledge' (p 78).
My purpose in offering this procedural definition of understanding is to draw an important distinction between knowledge and understanding.
Comparison promotes the understanding of both individual cases involved (Kurtz, Miao, & Gentner, 2001), produces large gains in procedural knowledge and flexibility in problem-solving (Rittle-Johnson & Star, 2007), and enhances discrimination between problem categories (Cummins, 1992; VanderStoep & Seifert, 1993).
We discuss the necessity of explicit definition of both declarative and procedural knowledge and propose explicit procedural knowledge handling.
Procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge contrast with metaknowledge because they are both object knowledge.
This study examined how procedural knowledge and outcome expectations interact with task complexity when tax professionals develop recommendations for clients.
Essential elements in constructing intelligent campus: data considerations, procedural knowledge and system integration are discussed.
The third session is about procedural knowledge and about the skills of applying the concepts.
