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Very low positive signals (CT 38 40) were determined as "borderline" values indicating the procedural deviation in this range of expression where false positive results may occur and no clear analysis is possible.
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These cases had Q-values of 1 or 2 (as defined in Methods) and no procedural deviations or abnormal eye characteristics were found.
There were 59 minor protocol deviations, mainly procedural errors or study visits occurring outside the specified window period.
The role of choice-based designs in reducing deviations from procedural invariance deserves more investigation.
We believe the most common procedural violations are repeated protocol deviations that have led up to a formal investigation of the researcher, including deviations from approved human subjects protocols (e.g., enrolling participants who do not meet inclusion criteria) or approved IACUC protocols.
The lower limit of detection (analytical sensitivity) was determined on the basis of the mean of the zero standard (procedural blank) plus two standard deviations, and calculated to be 9 pg/mL.
Gundanna et al 16 reported a 0.6% bowel injury rate in patients treated with AxiaLIF, with 42% of these perforations due to frank surgeon error or deviations from recommended procedural steps.
LODs were calculated as three times the standard deviation (SD) of the procedural blank levels.
The method limit of detection, defined as three times the standard deviation (SD) of the procedural blanks made of 1 N Q-HNO3, averaged 0.21 + 0.20 μg 1−1.
Behaviours fitting the definition of workarounds often include violations, deviations, problem solving, improvisations, procedural failures and shortcuts.
We develop a model-based framework to describe process chemistry oriented phenomenal sequences leading to quality hazards (process deviation scenario), which should be independent of any specific plant structural information, and manufacturing procedural error oriented event propagations (procedural control scenario), which concern a specific plant structure.
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