These summaries were later reviewed by (i) the procedural anaesthetist performing anaesthesia for the patient, and (ii) a panel of four senior anaesthetists, consisting of the Directors of Anaesthesia of three metropolitan tertiary public hospitals and an academic anaesthetist.
The procedural details for anaesthesia, patient positioning, osteotomy, separation of the osteotomy and confirmation of the restoration of ankle joint stability are the same as when using the Ilizarov external fixator.
These procedures can be performed under procedural sedation, thereby avoiding general anaesthesia [ 7].
Such fractures are typically manipulated and reduced (M&R) in the procedure room, employing the use of either Bier's block (via regional anaesthesia) or through procedural sedation and analgesia (formerly known as conscious sedation), where ketamine is the most common drug used [2, 3].
One possibility is that physician fatigue could influence procedural performance, well represented in the anaesthesia literature.
Second generation techniques were also quicker, associated with faster recovery times and fewer adverse procedural events, and could be carried out under local anaesthesia.
In addition, second generation methods were quicker, associated with faster recovery times, and associated with fewer adverse procedural events and could be carried out under local anaesthesia.
However, endoscopy for very young children is often limited to specialised centres and involves general anaesthesia, requiring administration by paediatric anaesthetists, and procedural risks such as intestinal perforation [ 13, 14].
Processed electroencephalogram-based depth of anaesthesia monitoring devices provide an additional method to monitor level of consciousness during procedural sedation and analgesia.
To compare the procedural failure rate (PFR), intraoperative rescue analgesia (iRA) probability and postoperative duration of motor block after epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in dogs undergoing pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery.
