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For multi-class classification problems, suppose that the observation data set is given as ( {left{{mathbf{x}}_{mathbf{n}},{mathbf{y}}_{mathbf{n}}right}}_{n=1}^N ), where x n ∈ R t is an t ‐ dimensional observation features and y n ∈ R h is its coded class label.
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Thomasson (2007) gives independent grounds for thinking that all quantification must at least tacitly presuppose a category or categories of entity over which we are quantifying, and argues that adopting that view provides the uniform basis for dissolving a number of problems supposed to arise with accepting an ontology of ordinary objects.
For example, "Sunzi's Mathematical Classic" presents this congruence problem: Suppose one has an unknown number of objects.
To illustrate the chair's problem, suppose there are three voters (X, Y, and Z) and three voting alternatives (x, y, and z).
But this got me thinking of a mathematical abstraction of this problem: Suppose you want to walk from point A to point B, which is one mile away.
Rosenbaum ([2005]) provides a novel approach to this problem: Suppose N is even.
To illustrate this problem, suppose, as many philosophers maintain, that the general principle of ontological economy posit as few entities as possible is a scientific standard.
In order to clarify this problem, suppose that there are four nodes in the network: nodes A and B are fixed whereas nodes C and D are mobile.
In [9], the design is formulated as a sampled-data optimization problem (suppose the primal filters are known) and then solved by standard approximation theory.
To get a feel for our problem, suppose you get a look at a speckled hen in good light, but without enough time to carefully count the number of speckles on it.
In a book entitled The Mind's I, by Douglas Hofstadter, philosopher Daniel C. Dennett posed the following problem: Suppose you are an astronaut stranded on Mars whose spaceship had broken down beyond repair.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com