The problem of response surface modeling of limit surface lying within two hyper spheres of prescribed radii is considered.
This paper deals with the problem of response approximation of mechanical structures by using a neural network.
The responders and non-responders in the sample were similar on all of the criteria we were able to measure, suggesting no serious problem of response bias within the sample (Table 1).
The short time interval renders significant clinical change between assessments unlikely [ 8], and it also avoids the problem of response shift - a change in the meaning or a recalibration of an outcome - if the tool captures a patient-reported outcome [ 10].
When using survey data to estimate worker flows, there is the additional problem of response-error bias.
This paper presents a method for solving problems of transient response in flexure due to general unidirectional dynamic loads of beams of variable cross section with tip inertias.
The study relies on students' self-report with the inherent problems of potential response bias from for example their willingness to report accurately, their ability to be factual, or their willingness to remember painful events.
The majority of problems that occurred were comprehension or response problems (although the majority of response problems were from one pre-operative knee participant).
To deal with the problems of non-response, one-parameter classes of imputation techniques have been suggested and their corresponding point estimators have been proposed.
Although these datasets avoided problems of non-response, the quality of data was not directly under the research team's control.
