This approach ensured that the most clinically important outcome was selected per trial, and also avoided the problem of outcome multiplicity [ 13].
Outcomes that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials of a specific condition, regardless of statistical significance, would also help reduce the problem of outcome reporting bias [ 6].
The effects of baseline and study factors used the sum of the two survival time scenarios as the primary outcome variable to avoid the problems of multiple outcome measures.
The incidence and prevalence of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) is also rapidly increasing, with patients of ESKD having to face the problems of poor outcome and high cost of renal replacement treatment.
Although emotional and behavioral problems may influence the efficacy of interventions in obesity, many trials to date have not measured or examined the moderating effect of behavioral problems on outcomes.
Non-uniform outcome selection can make it difficult to design, interpret, and meta-analyse clinical trials [15], [16], [39], [40], and so a few collaborations have begun to address the problems of which outcomes to measure in clinical trials of a variety of paediatric and adult conditions [9], [15].
Researchers have wrestled with a range of methodological issues, including research designs, selection bias, quality measurement, and the problems of evaluating outcomes.
Therefore, a composite outcome measure that reflects the core domains of the labor and birth based on the women's experience and combines these domains into one utility score would solve the problem of separate outcome presentation [ 10].
"The problem with equality of outcome is that it involves too great an encroachment on human rights in order to bring it about.
These factors all minimized the problems of exposure and outcome misclassification inherent in population-level studies.
