Section 6 raises the problems of measuring marginal social rates of return and demonstrates the inadequacy of wage differentials as a measure of marginal social benefit.
The sceptics question everything about the modern record, from the siting of the thermometers through to the problems of measuring temperature accurately at different heights in the earth's atmosphere.
The implications of these results are discussed, including the congruence with permitting orders, the relative merits of using scenic impact or measures of impact acceptability in decision-making, problems of measuring cumulative scenic impacts, and issues concerning survey quality control.
Among the problems of measuring whether this happens or not is, for example, that many migrants are known to work "below" their skill levels (one of the key reason cited for the disproportionately big impact of migration on lower-paid jobs).
To overcome the problems of measuring food intake when flies feed on gelled media, several studies have made indirect measures of food uptake after marking the food, either with a visible dye [12] [14] or with radioactively-labelled nutrients [15] [17].
This mechanism throws light on the problems of measuring effects of lean interventions.
The issue of performance evaluation is closely related to the problems of measuring similarity between pairs of graphs or sets.
While the methodological problems of measuring quality of life in cancer screening are considerable, 21 ignoring overtreatment is inexcusable.
The combination of accurate prefractionation methods, 2D-based proteomics, LC-MS/MS and ELISA can efficiently overcome the problems of measuring minor milk protein components, despite the large dynamic range of milk proteomes.
In order to illustrate the problems of measuring patient delay raised by the contextual perspective, we present a series of cases from a project on patient delay currently carried out at the Research Unit for General Practice, University of Aarhus.
