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Translating this to scales assessing emotional and behavioural problems, items indicating severe problems are not informative for children with no or few problems and items indicating less severe problems are not informative for children with severe problems.
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The Wright map (Fig. 2) shows that student ability in solving osmosis problems and item difficulty matched fairly well with two outlying items, one on each end of the scale (i.e., items 4.4 and 2.8).
In Spear et al's study, Item 4 (Cognitive problems), Item 5 (Physical illness or disability problems) and Item 9 (Problems with relationships) demonstrated only poor to moderate inter-rater reliability.
The responses of those who reported themselves to be ill also show <5.0% of missing values with the exception of item b1.14 (genito-sexual problems) and item b4.3 (use of food supplements).
These participants also showed significantly higher satisfaction scores for CSQ item 3 (program meeting their needs), item 6 (the services helped them to deal with their problems) and item 8 (willingness to return for treatment in the future).
McClelland et al [ 16] examined the relative contribution of each of the HoNOS items to the total score, and found that Item 7 (Problems with depressed mood), Item 8 (Other mental and behavioural problems) and Item 9 (Problems with relationships) had the greatest weight, contributing 15%, 19 % and 14 to the total, respectively.
To increase conceptual equivalence, Item 15, 'Did your chewing ability affect your social life?' was modified to 'Did you avoid spending time with others in social activities because of your chewing problems?' and Item 16 'Did your chewing ability influence your choice of foods?' was modified to 'Did you have a preference for some foods because of your chewing problems?'.
Eleven items covering social interaction, 6 items covering communication problems, and 5 items covering aspects of restricted and repetitive behaviour were included.
This finding seems not to be solely attributable to item overlap between mental health problems and HRQOL items, because our results remained much the same when we controlled for item overlap.
Another explanation for this null effect is that total problem behavior of the CBCL contains six items about bowel and sexual problems and other items about gender identity and thought disorders that may rarely apply to any child.
Item extensiveness (the number of groups relating the social problem) and item frequency (the number of times the social problem described was mentioned) were calculated (Krueger, 1998c).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com