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However, convoluted definitions and problematic measurements of social presence have made it difficult to understand how exactly social presence and related social variables come to be, hindering the investigation of reliable design recommendations.
These include the proper sampling of the Null-space (when the system of linear equations is under-determined), more sophisticated filters for invalid order-tensor identification, error analysis for the identification of the problematic measurements and simulation of the effects of dynamic averaging processes.
FCCS data of problematic measurements, due to cell movements and focus drifts, were automatically identified and excluded based on the following criteria: (i) if in one or two of the channels the obtained counts-per-molecule is ≤215 Hz, to ensure sufficient signal from each particle for detecting its thermal fluctuations in and out the confocal volume.
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Therefore, replacing the problematic measurement of bioactive rapidly cleared peptides by measuring the non-functional, stable peptides MR-proANP and MR-proADM derived from their precursors represents a valuable advance for clinical practice.
Problematic measurement methodology beset the one study that utilized a group format to provide a psychoanalytic-based intervention (with no details regarding the tasks assigned to the patients)[ 68].
Far more problematic than measurement is the assessment of these results.
This can be problematic for measurement and might account for contradictory results from several retrospective and prospective cohort studies using BMI to evaluate adiposity (Andersson et al, 1997; Nilsen and Vatten, 1999; Rodriguez et al, 2001; Calle et al, 2003; Giovannucci et al, 2003; Jonsson et al, 2003).
Limitations like these are less problematic when neurobiological measurements are applied.
We also did not search for factors that can be problematic for A1C measurements, such as hemoglobinopathies and anemia.
Ninety-two subjects with problematic heart rate measurements (atrial fibrillation, atrial bigeminy and trigeminy, pacemakers, irregular rhythm, irregular sinus rhythm, frequent ventricular ectopic activity, ventricular bigeminy, multifocal atrial tachycardia, or measurement time < 3.5 min) were excluded.
This approach, however, does not lend itself to pre-surgical risk assessment, and may be problematic because the measurements used are susceptible to distortion artefact differences between the differing MRI sequences.
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