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Item 11 is the most problematic item in terms of clear fit with either analysis.
The only problematic item in this stage was "sometimes I fell like we live on a roller coaster... .......... because roller coaster did not convey an appropriate meaning for the Turkish population.
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Among the enhanced security measures will likely be tighter screening of carry-on items to allow Transport Security Administration agents to discern problematic items in tightly stuffed bags.
Nevertheless, the results of CFA highlighted some potentially problematic items in terms of factor allocation (all of them in the perceptions of management or working condition factors).
We recommend that future studies utilize focus group methodology (including both frontline staff and clinical experts) to gather qualitative information that can be utilized to modify problematic items in terms of content and/or language.
Four out of 14 items (items 1, 5, 6, and 11) had factor loadings below 0.4 in both models tested potentially suggesting that the wording of these problematic items in relation to this particular population is more likely the cause of poor fit in the three-factor solution.
In that case, the problematic item might be replaced by another item in the item bank that is equivalent and shows no cultural differences.
Production of final version: The final Chinese version was produced after refining problematic items encountered in pre-testing and proof-reading.
Having removed the four problematic items identified in both CFA models (items 1, 5, 6, and 11), the data from sample B was modelled using WLSMV and oblique rotations estimates.
Some of these problematic items feature in the SRBAI subscale of the SRHI (Gardner, Abraham, et al., 2012), and so adopting the SRBAI instead of the SRHI may reduce but not remove interpretation errors.
Three items were considered unacceptable, and one of them was identified as a potentially problematic item.
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