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The most problematic item on Mr. Rumsfeld's agenda is missile defense.
Three items were considered unacceptable, and one of them was identified as a potentially problematic item.
The first problematic item CG3 was altered to be adapt to Brazilian culture; the term "fast vs. slow" became "transitions".
One problematic item was excluded from its respective scale.
Reporting on risk of bias associated with missing participant data was the least problematic item (65%).
Item 11 is the most problematic item in terms of clear fit with either analysis.
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"Problematic items do sometimes occur even in good tests, and that is one more reason it is never acceptable to make a consequential decision based on a single test score," he said.
Problematic items were excluded based on the adopted criteria (MI ≥ 30; Brown 2006) and on methodological decisions detailed below.
This made them vulnerable to the accusation that they de-listed problematic items or 'closed' controversies over 'deeper' or 'broader' issues, as we have seen.
Both studies used a Portuguese-language version of the SWBQ, and both concluded that a model which excluded three problematic items offered the best fit to the data.
Following the review of these translations by Czech traffic psychologists, problematic items were identified (in terms of wording, ambiguity, and specific features of the Czech context), and these were then translated anew by another translator.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com