Exact(4)
The CINS and the Dino Problem were used as pre-instruction and post-instruction assessments.
The natural frequencies before and after damage calculated by solving the eigenvalue problem were used as target frequency values in the CWT analyses, the natural frequencies of the pristine building ranged from 1.6 to 10.8 Hz.
The commercial mixed integer programming software CPLEX and an existing special purpose algorithm specifically designed for this problem were used as benchmarks to measure the performance of the algorithms.
Solutions to Apollonius' problem were used in World War I to determine the location of an artillery piece from the time a gunshot was heard at three different positions, and hyperbolic trilateration is the principle used by the Decca Navigator System and LORAN.
Similar(4)
Thus a back-off solution for this problem is used.
The problem is used for mathematical modeling and data compression.
The following definition of the derived problem is used.
A project scheduling problem is used as the case study.
Related(1)
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com