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Practicioners refer to these, respectively, as the problem of validation and the problem of verification.
A major problem of validation efforts, namely the process of defining and refining testable requirements, can be solved with the help of international software standards.
A major problem of validation studies of the B-categorization of breast biopsies originates from a lack of a reference standard of the biopsy evaluation.
Further, our method has been applied to a biological problem of validation of metabolic pathways in an organism lacking good-quality metabolic reconstruction, namely Trichoderma reesei.
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This article describes the validation of the intelligent system computer-aided foetal evaluator (CAFE), developed for intelligent monitoring of the antenatal condition based on data from the non-stress test (NST), and how this validation was accomplished through a methodology designed to resolve the problem of the validation of intelligent systems.
Other examples deal with the crucial problem of the validation of turbulence models in strongly interacting flows.
Arguably the most successful set of computational tools for ncRNA exploration have been developed for the problem of ncRNA validation.
In this paper we tackle simultaneously the problems of cluster validation (i.e. model selection), feature selection and outliers rejection when clustering positive data.
We propose choosing the imputation methodology for this problem through a suite of validation statistics that assess the quality of the fused data.
The problem of the cross-validation approach is that such different predictor weights (widetilde V) and V, although scaled and entailing identical (W^_{ text {train})}(widetilde V)=W^_{ text {train})}(V)), typically lead to different (W^_{ text {main})}(widetilde V neq W^_{ text {main})}(V)) in the main step of Eq. (3).
These problems include the absence of validation in experimental designs, the complexity of fear-related responses, and the interaction between genetic factors and environmental influences that limit the consistency in fear-related responses.
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