Problems of specimen distortion under the beam are mitigated by the use of a fast-readout direct-exposure detector [5], allowing images to be read out rapidly and shifted into register [6].
Centralization of the laboratories so that they serve several hospitals maximizes the efficiency of testing, thus reducing costs but has the disadvantage of poor communication with physicians in clinical wards and problems of specimen transfer [8].
The tool is validated by applying it to several problems of specimens with notches of different forms and sizes.
The problem of appropriate specimen collection and testing in episodes of pneumonia among infants and children is magnified in settings in the developing world because of the reduced capacity for clinical procedures and because of limited diagnostic facilities; paradoxically, these settings have the greatest prevalence of severe respiratory illness [ 2, 3].
Through the re-testing of these specimens for HIV, the ICRL detected in one particular site a problem of mislabelling of specimen aliquots before storage, and of clerical errors on the shipment list.
There were potential problems with variability of specimen collection and processing, and the lack of data from community 2 necessitated a move to community 3. We investigated selected study households, which may not have been representative of the whole community.
The first is the problem of holding the specimens firmly in a clamp during the cyclical loading programme.
On the other hand, the unexpected high level of Plocamionida biodiversity, found in the Gulf of Cadiz especially illustrates the problem of obtaining sufficient specimens in any one deep-sea sponge species from CWRs for phylogeographic studies.
The second solution was designed to solve the same problem for specimens with a thickness of less than 1 mm.
The Human Proteome Organization HUPOO) Plasma Proteome Project has mounted a Pilot Phase focussed on key problems essential for standardization of specimen collection, specimen handling, choice of fractionation and analysis technologies, and search engines and databases for protein identifications.
