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One problem of duration-based methods is how to decide on the optimal duration threshold because the result is very sensitive to the setting of this threshold.
These methods are not considered in this paper because the problem of treatment duration is independent from the type of outcome (binary or time-to-event data).
It is one of the future works to consider the control problem with duration of drug effectiveness based on these methods.
In this paper, based on our previously proposed method [ 22], the optimal control problem with duration of drug effectiveness is reduced to an ILP problem.
Problems of short duration (≤1 h) were frequently related to medication issues, injuries/wounds and head-related problems, while those of long duration (>4 weeks) were commonly pregnancy-related problems.
It is specifically designed for slow transient flow problems of long duration wherein one would like to perform time integrations with very large time steps.
Out-of-hours calls tended to be for problems of shorter duration.
29 Patients who self refer will probably have less serious problems of shorter duration than those referred by general practitioners, 29 and in these circumstances, the benefits of initial telephone assessment and advice via PhysioDirect could be greater.
Indeed, those with problems of longer duration prior to arrival at the ED (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.25 2.94; OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.27 3.37) and with a surgical ED discharge diagnosis (OR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.07 2.28) attended more than once.
Patients were more likely to re-use within 72 hours the ED if younger, were not on pharmacological treatment, attended the ED more times in the previous year, were referred by a physician, arrived at the ED by car driven by other person, had problems of longer duration prior to arrival at the ED, had a surgical ED discharge diagnosis, and were admitted to the hospital.
The problem of heterogeneity in duration models can be viewed essentially as the result of an incomplete specification.
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