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On the one hand, this is a typical problem of density estimation.
We impose new systematic regularity assumption on M which allows to study the problem of density unifying and improving the known results in Orlicz Sobolev spaces, as well as variable exponent Sobolev spaces.
In the setting of augmented reliability formulation, for a specific design configuration, the failure probability of a system is proportional to the probability density value of design variables conditioned on the failure event, thus transforming FPF approximation into a problem of density estimation.
To solve the problem of density estimation, we use therefore a method that takes inspiration from a recent study of emigrating ants Temnothorax albipennis [22].
As a second example, we consider the problem of density estimation from a finite number of sampling points, using the Wasserstein distance as a fidelity term and an entropy measure as regularization term.
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A problem of population density, maybe?
We address the problem of egg density and its vertical distribution within a biological context.
The combined problem of optimum density and composition is also treated and is shown to reduce to one of the individual problems.
Some reports have suggested that the problem of low density can be solved using composite anode materials consisting of a mixture of hard carbon and MCMB.
The density of the CIOMBs can be easily tuned in the range of 1.5 2.2 g/cm3 by acid etching, which resolved the problem of mismatched density between carbon-based black pigment and electrophoretic medium.
According to Malvern and Richards (2002), the main problem of lexical density is that it is mainly affected by "text length (at least for the sort of text lengths typical in task-based performances) with a negative correlation between text length and type-token ratio of around 0.75" (Skehan and Foster, 2008:10–11).
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