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However, it has not been possible to probe voltage dynamics in an intact bacterium.
From the relation between probe voltage and bias current, we can roughly estimate the photoelectron emissivity of each WPT-S sphere.
In the case of nitrogen plasma, we have less number of electrons in the Debye sphere, so a smaller probe voltage is required to stop the probe current.
In the case of argon oxygen plasma, we have less number of electrons in the Debye sphere so smaller probe voltage is required to stop the probe current.
The probe current as a function of the probe voltage was measured by a convenient digital ampere meter between the probe tip and the ground as shown in Fig. 1.
On the basis of the optimized ionization mode, the mass spectrometric parameters including the collision gas (CAD), curtain N2 gas (CUR, psi), GS1 (psi), GS2 (psi), TurboIonSpray probe voltage (kv), and ion source temperature (°C) were further optimized in order to get the richest relative abundance of precursor-to-product ions.
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The ramp rate duringC V measurements was 1 V/s and the peak-to-peak value of the probing voltage was 50 mV.
Here we introduce a new technique that probes voltage-dependent charge displacements of excitable membrane-bound proteins using extracellularly applied radio frequency (RF, 500 kHz) electric fields.
For the first time, the electrospray ionization (ESI) parameters of probe position, voltage potential, sheath gas flow rate, auxiliary gas flow rate, and ion transfer tube temperature were thoroughly studied and optimized for each phenol by a univariate approach.
The best feature of this probe sweep voltage is that it does not need extra design.
The probe output voltage is amplified up to 60 dB and down-converted to an intermediary frequency, which is then digitized.
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