Zhu et al. reported a size effect on the probe shape dependence of the nanoscratching [19].
Results: For IJV puncture, first attempt success rate was more than 80% and was neither influenced by probe shape nor approach (Table 1).
However, evidence is lacking for several aspects of guidance such as probe shape or whether the needle has to be in plane (IP) or out-of-plane (OOP).
Proper probe design (probe shape and position of transducers) and test procedures (low injection rates) can reduce the potential for and impact of such channeling.
Finite element analysis is used to design the probe shape and the LIGA-like thick photoresist process using EN plating techniques is used to fabricate the probes.
The experiments were carried out at five compressibility levels (4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%), four loading positions and two probe shapes.
The probe shape was a small equilateral triangle of RGB value (160, 160, 160) subtending 0.8 cm.
Stimulus presentation and response collection were managed with E-Prime v1.20 (Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, USA; www.pstnet.com/eprime).The stimuli comprised a probe shape and face images.
South Asian and White participants (young adults aged 18 23 years) responded to a probe shape appearing in a location previously occupied by either an infant face or an adult face; across trials, the race (South Asian/White) of the faces was manipulated.
South Asian and White participants viewed the face pairs and, for each pair, reported the orientation of a probe shape that appeared at either the location previously occupied by the infant face or the location previously occupied by the adult face.
