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In order to minimize this error the single probe technique was used to acquire the probe data, which were then recalculated to get the double probe characteristic.
To obtain a Langmuir probe characteristic (and derive the quantities Ne, Te, Vf and eedf), the heating current was switched off and the data collected over a short time (10 to 30 s).
One of these models, which include the influence of the positive ion thermal motion, is applied in the positive ion saturation zone of the I V probe characteristic curve, where the perturbation due to the probe immersed in the plasma is negligible.
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Therefore, the dye conjugation complemented probe characteristics by sterical stabilization of the molecule construct.
The prepared PQDs and PQD-antibody probe characteristics were assessed by 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) [47].
Demonstration of the probe characteristics as well as applications of the versatile two-coil double resonance probe are discussed.
Further investigation of the plasma was carried out by taking numerous X-ray spectra and Langmuir probe characteristics.
A former optical minigastrin probe with a spacer of hydrophilic glutamic acids, but the less hydrophilic fluorescent dye DY-676, displayed predominantly a hepatobiliary elimination [41], underlining once more that probe characteristics are always a summation of peptide and dye properties and that selection of the dye can fundamentally change probe characteristics.
For further testing in humans, we favour the probe QE; because of the applied probe design strategies, the introduction of negatively charged d-glutamic acids favoured probe characteristics more than multimerization of the molecule.
The Langmuir probe characteristics indicated that when the concentration of SiH4/H2 is increased, negative ions appear and at the same time the electron temperature increases.
At present, it is difficult to predict probe characteristics on the basis of thermodynamic models, because surface effects are normally not taken into account [1], [2].
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