Red meat isn't on the list – that only probably causes cancer.
But the subway rumbling underneath the street probably causes the most damage, Ms. Martinez said.
Roundup, the world's most widely used weedkiller, "probably" causes cancer, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has said.
The ebb and flow of solar activity over 11-year periods probably causes the position of the boundary to expand and contract.
Using a statistical model and the best available data, Dr. Simonsen found that influenza probably causes just 5 to 10percentt of all winter deaths in the elderly.
Like ECT, such surgery probably causes disruption of brain function, but how, exactly, this trauma causes a change for the better is not clear.
Of all the challenges faced by small business owners, the one that probably causes them the most sleepless nights is late payment from their customers.
Dr. Joy said, "Certainly that probably causes some increase in muscle strength and muscle endurance just by virtue of carrying around this other person".
"It's not as if boards don't take the fee issue seriously now, but this heightens awareness and probably causes boards to sharpen their pencils a bit more," said Ted Laurenson, a partner at Baker & McKenzie, who specializes in securities law.
Walter Willett, an epidemiologist at Harvard — who helped design the study — estimates that the consumption of trans fats in the United States probably causes about thirty thousand premature deaths a year.
A report by the House of Commons environmental audit committee concluded last year that it made asthma worse, exacerbated heart disease and respiratory illness, and "probably causes more mortality and morbidity than passive smoking, road traffic accidents or obesity".
