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At least 17 people fell ill after eating food from a free Thanksgiving dinner in Northern California — more than double the number of people initially reported in what health officials described Tuesday as a probable outbreak of food-borne illness.
Clusters that were part of a probable outbreak (an epidemiologic evaluation suggested, but did not confirm, a common source of infection) were also excluded.
Thirty-two (8.5%) clusters were excluded from analysis (21 secondary clusters, 7 clusters in which a hotline call directly contributed to identification of an outbreak, and 4 probable outbreak clusters).
We could not collect biological specimens from 3 probable outbreak case-patients, including the source case-patient; however, the onsets of illness of patients with confirmed and probable cases were within 3 weeks of each other in an area where NiV outbreaks have been repeatedly confirmed over the past decade 22, 3, 7– 15, 16, 16).
In Mexico, the first probable outbreak of histoplasmosis was described and recorded in a Public Health Acts ledger from the state of Nuevo León at the end of the 19th century (ca. 1885) when certain clinical scenarios were described that led to the suspicion that there was an epidemic of this mycosis in mine workers from areas containing a large amount of bat guano.
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Since then, many serologically confirmed outbreaks and sporadic cases [ 3, 22] and probable outbreaks have occurred, especially in Asia and Africa [ 23].
Following the introduction of two infectious cases into the susceptible population on the 'Roslin Castle' in 1882, 51.5% (n=515) of probable outbreaks would be less than the journey length of 91 days (figure 7).
Figure 6 shows that following the introduction of three infectious cases into the susceptible population on the 'Garrow' in 1838, 92% (n=920) of probable outbreaks would be less than the journey length of 116 days.
We found this probable psittacosis outbreak to be linked to lawn mowing only without the use of a grass catcher.
As only a few outbreaks are likely identified and even fewer reported in peer-reviewed journals, it is probable that outbreaks in Africa are even more common than these reports imply.
The Appendix Table shows available epidemiologic and virologic data for each cruise ship that had confirmed or probable norovirus outbreaks.
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