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probable medication-overuse headache.
TTH: tension-type headache; pMOH: probable medication-overuse headache.
We estimated odds ratios (ORs) to show associations between migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) or probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) and depression or anxiety.
Actual expenditure on headache care was greatest among those with headache on ≥15 days/month (especially probable medication-overuse headache), but otherwise not high.
Probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) was diagnosed when, in addition, simple analgesics were used on ≥15 days/month or medication including compound analgesics, opioids, triptans and/or ergots was taken on ≥10 days/month.
However, our observation is in line with an epidemiological study supporting the idea that psychiatric comorbidity occurs less frequently in MwoA than in migraine with aura [37] or probable medication-overuse headache [38].
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The prevalence rates of migraine, tension-type headache, and probable medication overuse headache (pMOH) were 48.5 %, 6.3 % and 15.9 %, respectively.
Patients with chronic migraine with probable medication overuse headache who did not improve 6 8 weeks after withdrawal therapy were excluded as well.
In specialized headache centres in Austria more than 40% of the patients with chronic headache had (probable) medication overuse headache [7].
CM = Chronic migraine, pCM = probable chronic migraine, pMOH = probable medication overuse headache, CTTH = chronic tension-type headache, pCTTH = probable chronic tension-type headache (according to the original ICHD-II criteria).
Missing data 6 6 No depression 32 45.7 55 55.6 Possible depression 12 17.1 18 18.2 Probable depression 20 28.6 20 20.2 CH, Chronic headache, pMOH, Probable medication overuse headache.
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