In what follows, we prefer summarizing this testing problem by introducing a Bernoulli distributed random variable ϵ t,f), valued in {0,1}, independent of Θ t,f) and S n ( t, f ), but defined on the same probability space, so as to write that S x ( t, f ) = ϵ ( t, f ) Θ ( t, f ) + S n ( t, f ).
In a statement released before the temporary arrangement was announced, the Canadian bank said there was a "reasonably high probability" that it would have to write down mortgage securities it had insured with ACA, suggesting that the charge could total up to $2 billion.
In case of a PSK input alphabet, the real and imaginary part of the received signal are independent when they are conditioned on the input, which allows to write the probability distribution as a product.
In order to write the probability of event U n (the event that no relay was able to correctly decode both the messages from T p and T s ), let us first define O sr ( l ) and O pr ( l ) as the outage probabilities of the T s to r(l) and T p to r(l) links.
All RVs are i.i.d., which allows us to write the overall outage probability as a function of the outage probabilities of the individual links.
Now, it is possible to write the word error probability of the ensemble as (27).
He always wanted "to set a story of human interest and probability", as he wrote to Gilbert in 1884.
Applying the law of total probability, we can write P_{mathrm{o}} z) = sum_{k=1}^{N} wp_{h,k}P gamma_{k} < z).
Using the conditional probability, we can write the CDF of ({gamma ^{prime }_{{text {AR}}}}) as begin{array}{*{20}l} F_{gamma^{prime}_{text{AR}}}(gamma_{text{th}}) = intlimits_{0}^{infty} F_{{left.
Specifically, for a given connected component divided into N × N non-overlapping blocks, the appearance probability of writing pixels in the block number i corresponds to the histogram bin number i in the produced corresponding histogram of N × N bins.
