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The probability to keep the current diversity (the element in the main diagonal in a row) is always higher than the probabilities to decrease or increase the diversity (all the other elements in the same row), see Figure 2 and Ref. [ 30].
The variable x in F(n )(x), whose successive powers x k essentially count the number of links (k) around each node of degree k, should then be replaced by x2 (since each node degree can at most double) and eventually be substituted as x ⅾ γ i x + δ i, where γ i [resp. δ i = 1 - γ i ] corresponds to the probability to keep [resp. delete] each link emerging from each node of the duplicated graph.
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So far, a number of schemes have been proposed to address this issue, such as using log transformations of the probabilities or normalizing the probabilities to keep them within a reasonable numerical range, and have been shown to work well for relatively long sequences [ 1].
CFQ measures individual differences in daily cognitive errors, with 25 questions on a Likert-scale relating to everyday mistakes such as the probability of failing to keep a task objective in mind.
When the eavesdropping probability is low, since the source 2 is the nearest to the eavesdropper, the SSRO will allocate major jammer power to the source 2. When the eavesdropping probability is high, to keep the sum-security-rate optimal, the SSRO scheme will allocate more jammer power for other two sources than before, resulting a higher JFI of allocated power.
Exceptions were the pathogen genotypes with the highest aggressiveness on either the crop or the wild host – these mutated towards less specialized genotypes with a probability of 0.004 to keep their overall mutation rate equal to that of other genotypes.
Second, we take the geometric average of all the channels in set A 2 to approximately calculate the probability of each channel to keep occupied, since the application of geometric average reflects the influence of small probabilities.
Since the neighbors of each scrounger increases after each iteration, a dynamic probability scheme is designed to keep small world property of the scroungers.
The risk management can be established as a control process that uses flexible inspection programs that, based on feedback from service, can be changed to method and frequency to keep probability of an unsafe flight within required levels.
Specifically, we calculate the parameters which determine the distribution shape of the prior probability on intensity gradients to keep the sharpness in edge regions.
P{φ ≤ ∅ ≤ t} indicates the probability for both nodes to keep their movements unchanged between t 0 and t 0 + φ while either of them or both change after t 0 + φ.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com