The author concludes by applying the lessons of the book about capacities and probabilities to explain the role of causality in quantum mechanics.
Although there are already important studies that make use of subjective probabilities to explain economic behavior, a large proportion of the literature to date has focused on assessing the properties of the elicited information and establishing its validity.
When Carson says that scientists rely on "probability theory" to explain how multiple Big Bangs, taking place over "billions of years," have resulted in our "perfectly ordered" universe, he's profoundly misstating the theory of the Big Bang.
For example, a formal epistemologist might use probability theory to explain how scientific reasoning works.
However, the examples given here clearly demonstrate that the probability to causally explain some incongruities between different data sets, as well as the correction of certain obvious misplacements, is enhanced by using more complex but realistic models.
Probability neglect helps to explain the enactment of certain legislation, in which government, no less than ordinary people, suffers from that form of neglect.
Before we derive the mathematical formula for the above probability, we need to explain the term "enriched".
Then there is this interesting conflict where Happer implies, essentially, that incidental cool periods prevent us from being certain that temperatures are rising, whereas Austin seems to agree that there is a warming trend (a rarity in this article -- an appreciation for something as nuanced as a trend, or an average, or probabilities) -- but seeks to explain it away by more hand-waving.
These impediments (such as var switching, low survival probabilities) appear substantial to explain the genetic field data that resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine pyrimthamine arises rarely (Hastings 2004).
The results of the multivariate analysis are presented as odds ratios and where there are significant interactions, estimated probabilities are used to explain the interaction effects.
