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Looking backward in time, the clones either had a constant per generation probability P' of being founded by a single ancestor derived from a sexual progenitor (neutral model), or this probability raised per generation at rate [1 - (1 - f') a'], where a' denotes the age of clonal lineage and f' is the rate of fitness loss (the decay model).
The finding that ΔF508 CFTR channels, rescued by a low temperature at the surface of Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cells, exhibit thermally induced decreases in open probability raised the question of whether the thermal instability of ΔF508 CFTR channel function is directly related to the well-established temperature sensitivity of ΔF508 CFTR trafficking.
The recognition of periods of variable event probabilities raises questions about the appropriate length of natural record to use for assessments of future risk.
(According to Goodman, although 'accidental generalizations' such as 'All the coins in my pockets are nickels' can have their probabilities raised by observations, they cannot be confirmed by them, in the way that 'law-like generalizations' can be).
With increasing frequency, I am being asked after evaluating a student with a disability whether the student is eligible for extra time or other accommodations that increase the probability of raising the student's Connecticut Mastery Test score.
As new information is obtained, whether by examining the candidates directly or by attending to their signals, the receiver updates the probabilities by raising some and lowering others.
Second, the use of engineered TcTS, as immunogen, that increased the probabilities of raising antibodies that recognize the enzyme active site.
These two tables suggest that the effect of the refugee inflow happens through reducing the job finding probability, rather than raising the separation probability.
Furthermore, as SCR increases, the detection probability is raised accordingly for both the Swerling I and III models.
But for high external field ( (V_{text{b}} times b/w) > (N times V_{0} - 2E) ), the transmission probability is raised by increasing the bias voltage.
The third response is to consider intrinsic structure (Lewis 1986a, Menzies 1996, Hall 2004) This approach looks to the intrinsic structure of the preempting process to try to find some sense in which the preempting process — even if it does not itself involve probability-raising — is at least intrinsically right for probability-raising.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com