Sentence examples for probability of watermark from inspiring English sources

Fig. 7 Probability of watermark detection error with respect to the threshold for different SNRs of AWGN channels  .

Paw is the error probability of a watermark sequence when a false positive error exists.

Fig. 11 Probability of correct watermark detection for different sampling factors under resampling attack.

Psw is the error probability of a watermark in case that a false negative error occurs.

Fig. 8 Probability of correct watermark detection for different SNRs under AWGN attack b) LPF attack  .

Fig. 10 Probability of correct watermark detection for various window sizes under median filter attack f) Resampling attack  .

Fig. 9 Probability of correct watermark detection under different pass-bands for LPF, BPF, and HPF attacks c) BPF attack  .

Referring to the watermark communication model as illustrated in Figure 10, it is worth noting that the introduction of the synchronization code will result in that bit error probability of a watermark in the detector Pd is different from that in the channel Pw. Figure 10 Error probability of the watermark in the channel ( P w ) and detector ( P d ).

For the LPF attack, the watermarked speech signals were passed through an LPF with different pass-bands within the range from 100 to 7500 Hz. Figure 9 shows the probability of correct watermark detection for the various pass-bands.

The decision threshold for extraction of the watermark bits was assumed to be 0.9. Figure 7 shows the effect of changing the threshold with respect to the probability of a watermark detection error for different additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels.

Equation 24 demonstrates that the bit error probability of the watermark in the channel is different from that in the detector due to the use of synchronization codes, and the difference mainly relies on the number of the false positive synchronization codes.