The question is whether there are controllable factors that influence the probability of realizations of stochastic processes that lead to a specific L-outcome, so that it would be possible to increase or decrease the probability of the R-outcome.
Thus, the probability of successful realization of an innovation increases with a growth of expenses.
The probability of a realization (written under the leaves) is calculated by multiplying the probabilities starting from the root until a leave is reached.
In case of various states s∈S, the total power produced by the wind farm P T is obtained in each state s weighted by the probability of its realization p s [25].
Simply put, the probability of the realization of any scenario permitted by the conservation laws in an infinite universe (and, of course, in the multiverse) is, exactly, one.
Let be a textual string, where is the number of a character in alphabet A. If the str is a realization of the random string, then the product determines the probability of such a realization.
However, since the channels are realizations of random variables drawn from a continuous distribution, the probability of observing a realization such that g12g21 − g11g22 = 0 is zero.
Spéder and Kapitány (2009), instead, use time-dependent fertility intentions (i.e., intention to have a child within 3 years) and look at the realization of these intentions to investigate which micro-level factors are associated with a higher probability of postponing the realization of childbearing intention beyond the planned time span.
Given d, a realization of the random variable D, we recall that the p-value is defined as the probability of obtaining another realization of the test at least as extreme as d conditional on H 0 being true, mathematically p = P D ≥ d | H 0 (or Type I error).
So multiplicity of evolutionary outcomes essentially increases the probability of final result – realization of an integrated function providing fitness to environment.
