Exact(2)
In an environment with a majority of cooperators, preferentially remembering the few cheaters reduces the probability of memory errors and related costs.
The analysis showed that decompensated and compensated cirrhotic patients have a significantly higher probability of memory problems than non-cirrhotic patients (CC p = 0.009, DC p = 0.00), while transplanted patients show a significantly lower probability (p = 0.009).
Similar(58)
Following the same channel model as the BS-device, let p ij, (text {textit {i,j}} in mathcal {M}) denote the packet erasure probability of the memory-less channel from device j to device i.
The probability of observing filler memory strength x1 from a target-present lineup is given by Eq. 1 with mean, μ1 = μ Foil and variance σ1 2 = σ 2 Foil.
Assuming a standard equal-variance signal detection model, the probability of observing target memory strength x 1 (event 1) is given by a Gaussian distribution with mean, μ 1 = μ Target and variance σ1 2 = σ 2 Target : Pleft({x}_1right)=frac{1}{eqrt{2pi {sigma}_1^2}}{e}^{-{left({x}_1-{mu}_1right)}^2/left(2{xigma}_1^2right)}.
Thus, we can possibly rule out the probability of paradoxical false memory as found by McTighe et al. (2010) in the middle-aged animals.
The present analogue study examined whether a poor executive ability existing prior to a stressful or traumatic event would increase the probability of experiencing intrusive memories afterwards.
When those assumptions are implemented in a formal quantum model (QEMc), they predict that episodic memory will violate the additive law of probability: If memory is tested for a partition of an item's possible episodic states, the individual probabilities of remembering the item as belonging to each state must sum to more than 1.
In turn, these characteristics affect the latency and probability of retrieval for that memory element.
where {μ i } is the stationary state probability.The memory structure of Markov source can be characterized by the state transition probabilities p1 and p2, 0 < p1p2 < 1, with which p1 = p2 = 0.5 indicates the memoryless source, while p1 ≠ 0.5 or p2 ≠ 0.5, and hence H S) < 1 indicate source with memory.
In our simulations, we assumed that the beneficial effect of memory cells on the probability to survive an infection is concave downward (see Figure 2).
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