Ravasi, T. et al. Generation of diversity in the innate immune system: macrophage heterogeneity arises from gene-autonomous transcriptional probability of individual inducible genes.
In a co-evolutionary context, the survive probability of individual elements of a system depends on their relation with their neighbors.
Finally, we determine the superior individual in tournament selection with size two based on the probability of individual dominance, and perform the subsequent evolutions.
Then, in order to compare different individuals, we generate a fitness interval based on α-cut set, and obtain the probability of individual dominance by use of the probability of interval dominance.
Models of the probability of individual stem breakage or mortality that incorporated diameter size and wind exposure further reinforce the notion that differences in the effects of the three storms did not reflect differences in forest structure at the time of impact nor in topographic exposure to hurricane-force winds (Supplementary Table 5).
Using the novel approach of random slope covariates, we demonstrated that sage-grouse selected for nest and brooding sites closer to conifer removal areas and that the probability of individual nest and brood success declined (β = − 0.10 and β = − 0.74, respectively) as sage-grouse females selected sites farther from conifer removal areas.
In these models, traffic arrival processes are represented, respectively, by non-bursty Poisson process and bursty-correlated Markov-Modulate Poisson Process (MMPP) and new closed-form expressions of main performance metrics are derived including system fairness, mean number of packets in each buffer, system throughput, mean queueing delay and packet loss probability of individual traffic flows.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the probability of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients as a function of eight risk factors.
In GA, the probability of individual survival to the next generation depends on its fitness value.
This equation gives the conditional probability of individual i's migration ending at time t, given that it has not ended yet.
In Eq. (3 2), Yi is the individual's perception of the EPD whereas ( overline{Z} ) i is is the predicted probability of individual assets.
