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The size of the loan mattered, perhaps not in the way you might expect: receiving small or large loans reduced the probability of giving, while moderate-sized loans didn't seem to affect the likelihood of donating much at all.
The probability of giving a positive willingness to pay bid to avoid an increase in the distance increases with the respondent's present distance to the forest.
The analysis of DIF is a measurement bias and refers to differences in the probability of giving a certain response between groups [16, 18, 25, 30].
b These are factors whose possession or presence is associated with an increased probability of giving birth to a low birth weight infant [10].
In fact, for all the possible pairs of users malicious and non-malicious, we calculate the probability of giving the malicious users bigger reputation than the normal user.
Agent (iin A) has three learning parameters: the probability of cooperation (i.e. posting a new article) (B_i), the probability of giving rewards (e.g. posting a comment on the article) to reciprocal agents (L_{C_i}), and the probability of giving rewards to other (normal) agents (L_{N_i}).
Similar(17)
is the conditional probability of, given.
To understand the process of elemental distances,, we consider the conditional probability of given.
We can recursively estimate the posterior probability of given new user feedback : (20).
The theorem expresses the posterior probability of a hypothesis in terms of the prior probabilities of and and the probability of given.
Then, a trigram probability of an OOV word can be decomposed according to the conditional probability of the unknown word and the probability of, given : (9).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com