But in a study of 40,000 young Americans unambiguously entitled E-Cigarettes: Gateway to Nicotine Addiction for US Teens, the University of California's Center for Tobacco Research and Education found that using e-cigarettes was likely to increase the probability of experimenting with traditional cigarettes.
Experiment 2 used the probabilities of Experiment 1A (see Table 1).
Thus, RANKL concentration significantly affected the probability of the experiment to exhibit oscillations in osteoclast number.
The probability (percent of experiments or cells with Ca2+ sparks) and frequency of Ca2+ release events induced by stretch were highly related to both the degree of stretch and the time that stretch was maintained.
In [23] and [24], the relative entropy (or the Kullback-Leibler divergence [20]) has been used to quantify the indistinguishability. Precisely, the relative entropy of two probability distributions gives an upper bound on the TV distance by Pinsker's inequality [54] or the refinements [55], which ultimately bounds the success probability of the indistinguishability experiment by (2).
Also, we observed the probability of collisions by experimenting with different cardinalities of such partition sets drawn at random from a given integer range.
As a result we obtained a ranked list of experiments, sorted by the probability of the query given the experiment and the model, as discussed in Section 2. We computed the average precision, a standard summary statistic for evaluating retrieval performance, over the top 10 retrieved experiments.
They consist in narrowing progressively some robust upper and lower bounds on the failure probability through an adaptive design of experiment.
There was also no effect of treatment on the probability of flowering during the experiment (Table S3 and Figure S2), or on the timing of flowering (Table S4 and Figure S3), although plants at Emosson were more likely to flower and did so more rapidly.
Since Lev before the measurement is associated with two "Lev"s after the measurement who have identical ignorance probability concepts for the outcome of the experiment, I can define the probability of the outcome of the experiment to be performed as the ignorance probability of the successors of Lev for being in a world with a particular outcome.
