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They found that 12% of 232 introduced species have become established in the USA, and that the probability of establishment was influenced by propagule pressure and nesting habit of ant species.
The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of topographical and environmental characteristics on the probability of establishment of this invasive shrub in a woodland environment.
In the case of the tall forest which shows the lower densities, the following aspects can explain the limitations for invasion: (a) presence of more vegetation layers that may prevent the seeds reaching the soil, (b) dense ground layer with a high presence of Chusquea sp. that decreases the probability of establishment, and (c) larger distance from the seedling source.
However, the study provides an initial indication that tendency of clonal fragments to become lodged in the horizontal position could increase their probability of establishment.
The probability of establishment of a non-native population and its expansion in a certain area/realm depends in part on the supply of potential invaders [3], [21].
The probability of introduction was obtained by combining the probability of release and the probability of establishment.
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An important invasiveness factor is the availability of propagules, which control the probabilities of establishment, persistence, naturalization, and invasion (Rouget and Richardson 2003; Catford et al. 2011).
These plots were both predicted and observed to have the highest probabilities of establishment.
Decreased grazing pressure increased the probability of woodland establishment in heathlands.
(b) Pathogen invasion success (probability of invader establishment, visualized as heatmap showing the results of the used GLM) was lowest in non-nested and highly connected resident communities.
Deterministic models that describe the expected progress of the infection cannot be employed to predict the probability of infection establishment at the primary stage.
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probability of setting
probability of schools
probability of identified
probability of settlements
probability of splitting
probability of sunshine
probability of chance
probability of detection
probability of intercept
probability of someone
probability of success
probability of discovery
probability of link
probability of miss-detection
probability of crossover
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