where P D is the probability of detection, κ k denotes the intensity function of clutter at time k, γ k denotes the intensity function of the random finite set of spontaneous birth targets, e k|k−1 denotes the survival probability with state ξ; c k (z) as the clutter probability density, and b k|k−1 denotes the PHD of the RFS B k|k−1 spawned by a target with previous state ξ.
The conditional intensity function is used to compute the probability of a spike in the brief interval dt (Daley and Vere-Jones, 2003).
Apparently, the probability distribution of random variable D0,1 t)|A0 satisfies the Poisson distribution with intensity function r 0 L · Λ 0 t.
Once the conditional intensity function is estimated, it provides us with a good method to estimate the probability that an event is a spontaneous event or is triggered by others (Kagan and Knopoff, 1976; Zhuang et al., 2002, 2004).
(lambda (t)) Failure intensity function.
(Lambda)(RL): Intensity function for system failure.
Fig. 2 shows the intensity function.
The principle of evaluating the probabilities of earthquake occurrence by using point process models, which are formulated with conditional intensity functions, was framed by Vere-Jones (1998).
The first is the spatial integration of the intensity within each pixel area which results in a modified recorded speckle pattern that has a Gamma intensity probability density function (PDF) instead of a negative exponential form [ 15].
Wei Liu et al. have presented the significance of beam pointing in FSOC in terms of BER, pointing error probability density function (PDF), and intensity displacement on a focal plane.
We model the probability of independently observing both location and intensity of a local maxima from a cluster k as: (1) where is a probability proportional to the intensity, and is a probability density function in the form of a multivariate normal distribution with mean and covariance.
