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Here we consider a more challenging problem, namely to calculate the probability by which a certain property is satisfied.
The propagation probability P of a connection is the probability by which an actor can influence the other actors.
The propagation probability P of a link is the probability by which an actor can influence the other actors.
Firstly, Fig. 13 indicates that the probability by which ISPRING returns a similar subsequence whose length is shorter than that of the corresponding pattern is very high, 72%% of ISPRING compared with 46%% of ESUCR-DTW.
Receptor sensitivity determines the probability by which one LPS molecule will bind to its endotoxin receptor.
The relatedness rnestmates (cluster) is the probability by which an allele is more likely to be shared among nestmates than expected from the allele frequency in the cluster.
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So we demand that the probability measure by which equilibrium quantities are to be calculated be stationary in time as well.
For Boolean networks with random perturbations (BNps), perturbation is introduced with a positive probability p by which the current state of each gene in the network can be randomly flipped.
Through simulations, it was shown that partial data offloading saves primary resources and decreases threshold miss probability by 20%∼50% %, which ultimately improves the application performance at the user end.
An approximate BCa confidence interval is second-order accurate, i.e. its coverage probability differs from its advertised coverage probability by terms which go to zero at a rate of n-1 where n is the sample size in the case of independent identically distributed observations [ 14, 22].
In other words, the threshold η th is uniquely determined by the given CFAR probability P f, by which the theoretical relation between the threshold value and constant false alarm rate was achieved.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com