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Assay results classified patients into two cohorts, having relatively high and low probabilities of responding to chemotherapy.
For example, if patients of equal cognitive ability tested in English and Spanish have unequal probabilities of responding correctly to a particular item on a cognitive assessment, then the item functions differently with respect to language.
Measurement bias, also labeled differential item functioning (DIF), refers to the possibility that individuals equal in their true levels of alcohol abuse, but from different groups, i.e., Caucasians and Hispanics, do not have identical probabilities of responding to questions concerning their alcohol use.
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When compared to patients in other clusters, the non-responders in Cluster 4 had a significantly greater probability of responding to docetaxel (P<0.001, Figure S4).
IRT is a set of models that describes the probability of responding to an item response category as a function of the respondent's level on the trait being assessed (θ, theta) and characteristics of the item, for example, item difficulty or discrimination.
Habituation refers to a decline in the probability of responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus.
Although these two outcomes cannot be observed simultaneously, it is quite possible that the same operation repeated presentation of a stimulus can simultaneously engage two different processes, one causing a decline in the probability of responding to that stimulus, the other causing an increase.
Eventually, rate of responding tracks the R-S interval, so that the probability of responding increases rapidly as the end of the interval approaches.
Prospective detection of patients with advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who have a higher probability of responding to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) may provide individualized therapy.
Also, subjects with a high concentration of WBCs in their APS demonstrated a greater probability of responding to APS therapy than the total study population.
Each participant's unimodal CDFs were used to calculate the race distribution at each time bin using the following formula: [P (A) + P (V)] – [P (A) × P (V ], where P (A) is the probability of responding within a given time in a unimodal auditory trial, and P (V) is the probability of responding within a given time in a unimodal visual trial.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com